Status and Effects of Discharged Abattoir Effluent on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Soils in Obinze, Imo State Nigeria
Keywords:
Abattoir, Effluent, Discharge, Status, EnvironmentAbstract
This study was carried out to determine the extent of contamination of soil bodies by effluents discharged from abattoirs in Obinze, Imo State Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from 50 m, 100 m, 150 m, 200 m and 250 m from effluent discharge points. Physicochemical and heavy metal analyses were conducted using standard methods. Results obtained showed that the physicochemical properties of the soil samples were affected by the abattoir effluent. The temperature of the samples ranged from 26.10 °C to 26.73°C pH values ranged between 6.71 and 7.21. The mean values of nitrate, phosphate and sulphate levels in the soil ranged between 4.14 to 4.50; 1.55 to 1.76; and 26.00 to 27.33 mg/L which values fell within the WHO limits. pH values were within ranges of 5.56-8.04. The control soil had the lowest concentration of nickel and the results varied significantly from each other with the values slightly above the WHO limits. Mean values of Chromium, Zinc, Copper and Lead were significantly higher at the contaminated sites compared to the control with the values all below the WHO limits. This study demonstrates that abattoir waste water impacts on Obinze soil quality. The abattoir effluent did not meet the WHO standard for effluent discharge into the environment. This therefore, calls for the need to put an effective waste water treatment and monitoring system in place to enforce existing legislation to curb soil pollution and to safeguard both the environment and human health.
References
Abiade-Paul, C. C., Kene, I. C. and Chah, K. F., (2006). Occurrence and Ambiogram of Salmonellae in Effluent from Nsukka Municipal Abattoir. Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 45 - 53.
Adelegan, J. A., (2002). Environmental policy and slaughter house waste in Nigeria, Proceedings Of the 28th WEDC Conference, Calcutta, India pp.3-6.
Ademoroti, C. M. O., (2000). Standard methods for water and effluents analysis. Foludex Press Ltd., Ibadan, Nigeria.
Adeyemi-Ale, O. A., (2014). Impact of Abattoir Effluent on the Physico-Chemical Parameters of Gbagi Stream (Odo-Eran), Ibadan, Nigeria. Ilorin Journal of Science. Vol.1 (1):100–109.
Adeyemo, O. K., Ayodeji, I.O and Aiki-Raji, C. O., (2002). The water quality and sanitary Conditions in a major abattoir (Bodija) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Afr J Biomed Res. 5:51-55.
Akpor, O. B and Muchie, M., (2011). Environmental and public health implications of Waste water quality. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 (13): 2379-2387.
Alhaji, N. B. and Baiwa, M., (2015). Factors Affecting Workers delivery of good Hygienic and Sanitary Operations in Slaughter Houses in North-Central Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences Vol. 13, No. 1.
Asibor, G., Edjere, O and Adeniyi, F., (2015). Impact of Biologically Treated Effluent on the Physico-chemical Quality of a Receiving Stream in Ile-Ife, Southwest Nigeria.Journal of Sustainable Development; Vol. 8, No.8: 213-222.
Chukwu, E. E Oladele, D. A and Audu, R. A., (2020). A National Survey of Public Awareness of Antimicrobial Resistance in Nigeria. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control. 9. Article Number 72.
Edori, O. S and Inyama, W. A., (2019). Status of Heavy Metals Contamination in water from Edagberi Creek, Engenni, River State, South-South Nigeria. Biomedical Research Network. LLC. Vol. 29. (3) pp 22482-22488.
Ekpeyong, E and Adeniyi, I. F., (2017). Physical and chemical factors and net phytoplankton Distribution in some tropical fish ponds. Tropical Freshwater Biology. 5: 43-53.
Kaltungo, B. Y and Musa, I. W., (2013). Review of Some Protozoan Parasites Causing Infertility In Farm Animals. ISRN Tropical Medicine http//doi.org/10.1155/2013/782609.
Kaltungo, Y. B., Salisu, I., Hajara B. U., Alhasan, Y. B., Shehu, N. S., Farouk, U. M and Hashimu, M. D, (2018). Role of Slaughter Facilities Management In Zoonoses and Safety of meat Produced for Human Consumption in Nigeria: a Review. Bulletin of National Research Centre. Vol. 45. Article 137.
Kolawole, O. M., Ajayi, K. T., Olayemi, A.B and Okoh, A. I., (2011). Assessment of Water Quality in Asa River (Nigeria) and Its Indigenous Clarias gariepinus Fish. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 8 (11): 4332-4352.
Mara, D. D., (2018). Waste water treatment in hot climates. In: Feacham, R., McGarry, M and Mara, D. D., (eds). Water, Waste sand Health in Hot climates. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Mittal, G. S., (2006). Treatment of waste water from abattoir before land-application–are view. Bio Resour. Technol. 97: 1119-1135.
Mulu, A., Ayenew, T and Berhe, S., (2013). Impact of Slaughter houses Effluent on Water Quality of Modjo and Akaki River in Central Ethiopia. International Journal of Science and Research. Vol. 4 (3): 899-907.
Nafaranda, W. D., Yaji, A. and Icubkomawa, H. I., (2005). Impact of Abattoir wastes on aquatic life. Global journal of Pure Applied Sciences. Vol. 12 (1): 31-33
Ogbomida E. T., Bawo, K and Ezemonye, L. I., (2016). Evaluation of Bacterial Profile and Biodegradation Potential of Abattoir Waste Water. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. Vol 10 (2). pp 50-57.
Ogbonna, D.N and Ideriah, T. J. K., (2014). Effect of Abattoir Waste Water on Physico-chemical Characteristics of Soil and Sediment in Southern. Nigeria. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 3(12):1612-1632.
Ojo, J. O., (2014). Environmental Impact Assessment of Effluents from Oko-Oba Municipal Abattoir at Agege, Lagos State, Nigeria. Global Advanced Res. J. of Agric. Science, Vol. 3 (10): 317-320.
Olugbenga E., Davids O. R., Omole, O. D (2019). Assessment of impact of abattoir effluent on the quality of groundwater in a residential area of Omu-Aran, Nigeria. Environmental Sciences Europe. DOI: 10.1186/S12302-019-0201-5
Yakubu, Y. B., (2016). Seroprevalence of Brucella in small Ruminants, Knowledge and Attitude and Practices of small Ruminant’s owners in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. M.Sc. Dissertation, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medincine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Pp 1-119
